前不久，财政(zheng)(zheng)部、国家发(fa)展(zhan)和改(gai)革(ge)委员会印发(fa)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)整后(hou)的(de)第14期(qi)节(jie)能(neng)产(chan)品政(zheng)(zheng)府采购清(qing)单(dan)(dan)(以下简称“节(jie)能(neng)清(qing)单(dan)(dan)”)，对于(yu)空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)来(lai)讲，第14期(qi)节(jie)能(neng)清(qing)单(dan)(dan)的(de)定速(su)空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)在节(jie)能(neng)清(qing)单(dan)(dan)中明显(xian)缩水，取而代之(zhi)的(de)是变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)。在国家节(jie)能(neng)产(chan)品惠民工(gong)程等政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)的(de)推动下，变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)市场推广(guang)提速(su)，快(kuai)速(su)发(fa)展(zhan)成(cheng)为(wei)市场的(de)主(zhu)流(liu)，变频空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)有望(wang)成(cheng)为(wei)空(kong)(kong)调(diao)(diao)(diao)(diao)政(zheng)(zheng)府采购市场的(de)主(zhu)力军(jun)。

　　在(zai)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采购空(kong)(kong)调领域(yu)，超薄、变(bian)频(pin)、定速(su)、数码、节(jie)能等词(ci)汇已成为(wei)(wei)时代(dai)的(de)(de)新(xin)潮流。变(bian)频(pin)空(kong)(kong)调在(zai)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采购市(shi)场表现活跃，尤其(qi)是变(bian)频(pin)多(duo)联式(shi)中央空(kong)(kong)调更(geng)是在(zai)采购中频(pin)繁(fan)出(chu)现。与(yu)此同(tong)时，购买多(duo)联式(shi)变(bian)频(pin)中央空(kong)(kong)调俨然成为(wei)(wei)了(le)时下政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采购市(shi)场的(de)(de)热点，并将逐步(bu)取代(dai)分(fen)体机，逐步(bu)成为(wei)(wei)政(zheng)府(fu)(fu)采购空(kong)(kong)调市(shi)场的(de)(de)新(xin)趋势。所谓多(duo)联式(shi)空(kong)(kong)调是把分(fen)体空(kong)(kong)调集(ji)中到一(yi)个(ge)室(shi)外机中，如一(yi)拖五里面(mian)有5台压缩机，但冷媒系统各自独立。多(duo)联机大多(duo)应用了(le)变(bian)频(pin)技术，可根据(ju)室(shi)内负(fu)荷的(de)(de)变(bian)化(hua)，调节(jie)室(shi)外压缩机转速(su)的(de)(de)变(bian)化(hua)，并以此调整制冷剂质(zhi)流量输出(chu)，从而有效(xiao)降(jiang)低能耗。

　　那(nei)么采(cai)用(yong)多联式(shi)变(bian)频中(zhong)央空调有哪些(xie)优势(shi)呢?笔(bi)者认为(wei)多联式(shi)变(bian)频中(zhong)央空调的优势(shi)主要表现在以下(xia)几个方面：

　　一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)节能省电。目(mu)前多(duo)联式(shi)变频中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)直流(liu)变速(su)压(ya)缩机(ji)(ji)(ji)，可根据室(shi)内实际需要来(lai)制(zhi)冷制(zhi)热，每(mei)个(ge)房间都能单独控制(zhi)，室(shi)内用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)，室(shi)外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)就提(ti)供(gong)多(duo)少(shao)(shao)冷量(liang)，一定负荷(he)下可能比用(yong)(yong)(yong)一般的(de)(de)分体(ti)机(ji)(ji)(ji)更(geng)加节能省电。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整体(ti)装(zhuang)潢效果佳。中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)只有(you)(you)一个(ge)外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)，不会像传统空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)破坏整体(ti)外(wai)观，而且中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)室(shi)内机(ji)(ji)(ji)安装(zhuang)“以(yi)藏为(wei)美(mei)”，通过简单的(de)(de)局部吊顶即(ji)可实现隐身安装(zhuang)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)舒适性较高(gao)。分体(ti)机(ji)(ji)(ji)送风(feng)(feng)(feng)角度有(you)(you)限，而且没有(you)(you)新风(feng)(feng)(feng)系(xi)统，所以(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)开久了会感觉室(shi)内空(kong)(kong)(kong)气(qi)很混浊。中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)的(de)(de)室(shi)内机(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)多(duo)种送风(feng)(feng)(feng)方式(shi)，使气(qi)流(liu)分布更(geng)加均(jun)匀，同时中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)能够引入室(shi)外(wai)的(de)(de)新鲜空(kong)(kong)(kong)气(qi)即(ji)引入新风(feng)(feng)(feng)，使人(ren)感觉更(geng)加舒适。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)噪音(yin)低。中(zhong)央(yang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)调(diao)室(shi)外(wai)机(ji)(ji)(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)压(ya)缩机(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)使转(zhuan)子与叶片(pian)结合(he)成一体(ti)，解决(jue)了由于转(zhuan)子与叶片(pian)磨擦(ca)形成的(de)(de)噪音(yin)，运转(zhuan)起来(lai)只有(you)(you)50分贝左(zuo)右(you)。在室(shi)内机(ji)(ji)(ji)方面，住宅中(zhong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)较多(duo)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)内藏式(shi)风(feng)(feng)(feng)管机(ji)(ji)(ji)，最低可以(yi)做到(dao)25分贝，再加上(shang)隐藏在天花板之(zhi)中(zhong)，噪音(yin)值可以(yi)降到(dao)最低。

　　采购人提出多(duo)联式(shi)变频中央空调采购需(xu)求(qiu)时(shi)又要注(zhu)意哪些问(wen)题(ti)呢(ni)?笔者认为，主要有以下几(ji)个方面：

　　一是采(cai)购(gou)人在递交政府采(cai)购(gou)需求表前应(ying)(ying)当(dang)做好(hao)前期工作。采(cai)购(gou)人首先应(ying)(ying)当(dang)联系设计(ji)单位对整个空调(diao)系统进行设计(ji)，初步确定空调(diao)系统的方案、平(ping)面(mian)布置图、系统图等。

　　二是(shi)设(she)计(ji)(ji)院一(yi)(yi)般是(shi)按(an)某一(yi)(yi)个品牌(pai)设(she)计(ji)(ji)的(de)，采购人在提出多联(lian)式变频中央空(kong)调(diao)采购需求时不能直接照抄设(she)计(ji)(ji)说明书和设(she)计(ji)(ji)图纸的(de)设(she)备清单中的(de)数(shu)据，主要技(ji)术参数(shu)如制(zhi)冷量和制(zhi)热量等技(ji)术参数(shu)填写时候应当(dang)是(shi)一(yi)(yi)个数(shu)值(zhi)范围，只(zhi)提供制(zhi)冷量和制(zhi)热量的(de)基准值(zhi)，不是(shi)一(yi)(yi)个具体(ti)数(shu)据，可(ke)采用“大于(yu)等于(yu)”或“正负偏(pian)差在某某幅(fu)度内”这一(yi)(yi)类的(de)措词。

　　三是准确统计主要(yao)(yao)(yao)空调设(she)备(bei)的(de)数量，如室(shi)外机(ji)、室(shi)内机(ji)、新风机(ji)等(deng)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)空调设(she)备(bei)，填(tian)写采购(gou)明(ming)细(xi)表(biao)，其他(ta)安装辅(fu)材(cai)和(he)辅(fu)机(ji)可以不统计，只提(ti)供参考得设(she)计图纸即可。在采购(gou)技术要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)中，采购(gou)人可以提(ti)出空调机(ji)的(de)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)量和(he)制(zhi)热量要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、冷(leng)(leng)媒要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、出风形式要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)等(deng)。其他(ta)指标如噪声、机(ji)器的(de)尺寸(cun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、室(shi)内机(ji)的(de)厚度(du)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)、COP能效比、耗电量、电源(380V/220V)、电功率等(deng)采购(gou)人如有(you)(you)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)可以提(ti)出，但不能有(you)(you)歧视(shi)性。

　　四是注重安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。与分体(ti)空(kong)调(diao)(diao)相比，中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)可谓完(wan)(wan)美，但(dan)作(zuo)为(wei)一项(xiang)系统工程，中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)一直有(you)(you)“三(san)分生产，七分安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)”的(de)(de)说(shuo)法，所以安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)的(de)(de)好坏是购(gou)买中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)的(de)(de)关(guan)键，如果不注意安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)可能(neng)后(hou)患(huan)无穷。中(zhong)央空(kong)调(diao)(diao)如果安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)出现问题，常(chang)见的(de)(de)毛病(bing)是风口会(hui)有(you)(you)滴(di)水，这主要(yao)是因为(wei)室内(nei)机排水不顺(shun)畅或者出风口冷凝水造(zao)成的(de)(de)。在空(kong)调(diao)(diao)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)完(wan)(wan)毕后(hou)应当对系统进行调(diao)(diao)试，只(zhi)有(you)(you)调(diao)(diao)试正常(chang)，排水系统顺(shun)畅、焊接没问题，才可以避免出现漏(lou)水现象，因此采购(gou)人应当提出投标供应商的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)装(zhuang)资格要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)